INTERPRETATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN RUSSIA BY LIBERAL THINKERS AND SCIENTISTS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY

Abstract

The article shows that when considering the separation of powers, the Russian liberals held a common position that the state as one and indivisible as the supreme one, and it can only be divided functionally. They vary according to purpose, which the state carries out and the forms in which its elements function. The difference between the functions of legislation, administration and the court is not the same as the difference between the legislative, executive and judicial powers. This discrepancy shows that management is a broader concept than execution. The activity of state bodies should be subject to law and should be regulated. The principle of separation of powers has been recognized as a necessary component of a social system based on the autonomy of the individual and their free activity in the economy and politics, liberal-democratic organization of public affairs management.